Shock absorber



Sept; 27, 1932. BLANDFORD 1,879,050

SHOCK ABSORBER Filed April 25. 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 III "III.

FEE-am Ill Q i x292 IIIIII Sept. 27, 1932. W BLANDFORD' 1,879,050

SHOCK ABSORBER Filed April 25, L951 2 Sheets-Sheet -2 1? i%5r;:2:; lA'

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! ATTORNEY faces, such shocks being absorbed in a man-' Patented Sept.27, 19 32 UNITED STATES VPVATENIF OFFICE more amniiroan, anna er,sasxarcnawan, mam.

Application med April 25, 1931.' s rial No. 532,190.

M present invention has reference to a shocl i absorber for'automobiles, trucks and like vehicles.

The primary object is the provision-of a hydraulic shock absorber thatincludes means for retardin the upward and downward movements the bodyof the vehicle to com-- pensate and practically overcome rebound shocksto which the body would otherwise-be subjected to and likewise tocompensate and absorb the shocks and jars to which the-body of thevehicle would be otherwise-subjected when the wheels of the vehicle meetwith-"obstructions in passing over uneven road surtical transversesectional view through the improvement. a

' Figure 3 is a sectional view approximately on the-line 33 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a sectional view ly on the line 4-4 of Figure 2.

In :Fi ure 1 of the drawings I have illustrated t e improvementapplied'to the front of an ordinary automobile construction butobviously the improvement is also designed to be attached to the rear ofsuch vehicle.

On the axle 1 of the automobile 2, outward of'the body supportin springs3 I secure the straight ends of su stantially U-sha ed brackets 4. Abovethe brackets and \eit er approximate- 65 ner that will obviate theliability of the jolting of the body. A further 0 ject is the provisionof a'hydraulic shock absorber for vehicles that in cludes two pistons,one attached to the springs or body of the vehicle and the other to theaxles of the vehicle, both the pistons actin on a fluid body in a mannerto direct the u 1d against the opposite sides or faces-of-the pistonswhen the said pistons have been moved by the shocks or jars to which thevehicle is subjected, and wherein the construction and arrangement ofparts is such that the said shocks and am will be absorbed in a quickbut easy and e cient manner so that the same will not be imparted to thebody of the vehicle. The invention will be fully and comprehenfollowingdetailed description when read in connection with the accompanyingdrawings which form part of the application, with the understanding,however, that the mprove ment is capable of extended application and isnot confined to the exact ShOWil'lgIQf the drawings nor to the preciseconstruction described and, therefore, such changes andmodifications maybe made therefrom as do not affeet the spirit of the invention norexceed the scope thereof as expressed in the appended claims.

In the drawings: a

Figure 1 is a front elevation of an automobile equipped with the imrovement.

Figure 2 is an enlarge substantially verto the outer facesofthe ends 8collars passes through the ends 8 of the collar'and through the head 6threaded end sively understood from a consideration of the.

. .The outer end of springs 3 or to the side members of the-chassis, Isecure bolt members 5 which have their outer ends provided withroundheads 6, each of the said heads having a central openingtherethrough. The heads are straddled by the bifurcated on the shanks ofinteriorly 9. 'A vertically disposed pivot pin arms of the bifurcated ofthebolt 5. The pin is pre erably in the nature of a bolt that is engagedby a nut and establishes a joint which is swingable in a horizontaldirection between the bolt 5 and the collar 9. I

Screwed through the collar there is the ofthe stem 11 of a piston 12. A.binding screw 13 holds the stem adjusted in the collar 9. The piston isround in plan and preferably has its outer face convexed as disclosed bythe drawings and this piston 'is provided, from its periphery with asubstantially rectangular notch 14 in the nature of a fluid port. Thepiston from itshead is provided with a longitudinal bore 15 which isslightly. tapered and with a transverse port 16 that communicates withits bore. Screwed throu h the center of the bracket 4 there is aheadlessbolt 17. The bolt is held adjusted on the bracket by nuts 18which contact with both the upper and lower faces of the bracket and oneor'both faces of the nuts are held on the headless bolt by a cotter orlike pin 19. the headless bolt 19 is screwed in the threaded opening inthe comthreaded also c arativel thick bottom rtion 20 of the oy- 26provided with a stud 42 that it let in a iindrical ody 21 of thep unger.The plungsuitable depression on the inner face of the er is formed onthe open end of the cylindrical said head or flange 26. The key 41termibody by forming the said body with an outnates a distance away fromthe inner head wardl extending flange 22. The outwardly 30 of the outercylinder and has its outer exten ing annular head 22 of the cylindrlcalface, from its said end, tapered for a deterplunger 21 has a slightlytapered bore 23 exnuned distance, as indicated by the numeral tending'therethrough and commumcat n 43. Secured to the inner wall of thecylinder with the borethereisanangular port24whio 25 by a rivet or thelike there is another also communicates with the inner or lower and opositely directed valve key 44, one 75 face of the plun or head 22. Thecylindrical end 0 which normally contacts with the body 21 of the ungerhas received therein a thickened end or head- 20 of the cylindricalcylinder 25. he cylinder has its upper or plunger bod 21, The al e k y44 te -miouter end formed with an annular outwardly nates a suite ledistance away from the disc directed flan e 26 and from whose peripheryhead 32, and has its inner face, from its said there de s a cylindricalmember n the end, tapered, as at 46, for a suitable distance. nature 0 acylindrical skirt 27. The sk1rt27, The valve key 44 is designed to bereceived at its juncture with the flange 26, .is prothrough therectangular notch 4 in the pisvided with outer threads and has its lowerton head 12.

go and open end provided with internal threads. Secured to the cylinderhead 26 there is a 5 The exterior threads are engaged by lnterdependingslightly tapered control rod 47 nal threads on the flange of a ca orclosure that is receive throug the slightly tapered member 28. The lowerinternal t reads have bore 23 in the plun er head 22 and centrallscrewed therein spaced disc heads 29 and 30, secured to the hen of theplunger y respectively, and arranged between the heads 21 there is anupwardly directed slightly taso i 29 and 30 there is a compressible discgasket pered control rod 48 which is received in 31. The body 21 of theplunger is received its bore 15 in the piston 12 and in the throu h thecentral openings in the heads shank 11. 29an 30and is engaged byt einnerperlph- Should the body of the vehicle be sub- :0 eral wall of thewasher or gasket 31. jected to a jar in a downward direction such is Theinner cylinder 25, at the end thereof jar will be absorbed by thecushioning efrovided with the outstanding disc flange 26, feet of thepiston 12 on the liquid below the has arranged therein a disc closure32. On said iston. Such downward movement of the discthere is acompressible gasket 33, and the piston is suflicientl (mick or active to85 both the disc head 32 and the gasket 33 are prevent the vehicle 'b yattached to the cap member 28 by spaced a jaror shock by such downwardmovement. headed bolts 34. By adjusting the bolts the Should the springsexpand with a tendency gasket 33 is expanded to establish a tight tomove the dy outwardly the piston 12 oint between the closure disc 32 andthe cylwill be gradually moved in an upward di- 5 inder 25. One of thesebolts is removed so rection in the inner cylinder. This upward 105 thata liquid is poured through the opening movement ofthe iston causes thesame to normally occupied thereby into the cylinder move partly on o thetapered control rod 25, the said liquid filling the cylinder to a 48 touncover the port 16 which rmits the desired height. The liquid isnon-freezible, liquid above the piston to travel t rough the 5comprising glycerine and distilled water in port 16 and through the bore15 below the no suitable pro ortions, and this liquid may} piston head,and when the piston is moved be drained rom the cylinder through an tobring the notched portion thereof oplposite opening that is normallyclosed by a headed the tapered portion 46 of the valve ey 44 bolt 35which is screwed through the thickthe liquid will flow through the notch14,

to 'ened end 20 of the plunger 21. A similar equalizing the pressureupon both sides of 11'. ii uid is let through an opening in the outerthe piston and efiectively absorbing the recy 'nder' 27, the saidopening bein normalbound shock of the vehicle springs. Should ly closedby a headed plug 36, an the liqthe wheels-of the vehicle fall into a rutuid may be drained from the said cylinder the wheels, incident of theirspring connec- 55 through another and lower opening which is tion withthe body will move downwardl 12 osed by a headed and threaded plug 38.at a slightly greater rate of speed than wi The plunger head 22 has aeripheral and the bod and the plunger head 22 will be substantiallyrectangular notc in the nature moved ownwardly against the pressure ofof a fluid port 39 therein, and the inner wall the liquid in the outercylinder 27 This v to of the outer cylinder 27 has secured theretodownward movement of the lunger is suf by means of a bolt 40 engaged bya uitable ficiently quick to prevent the s ock being ab- 'nut, a crosssectional rectangular member sorbed by the vehicle body. The downwardwhich I will term a valve key and which movement of the plunger movesthe control is indicated b the numeral 41. The valve rod 47 through thetapered bore 23, permit- 6 key has itsen which contacts with the flangeting the liquid to flow through the port 24 13 ing sub ected to I00position after absorbin 5 road shocks incident 7 vehicle in road ruts orand through the bore 23 against the top of the plun er head 22 and whenthe plunger head 22 as moved on the valve key 41 to bring its notch 39in a line with the tapered ace or end 43 of the said valve ke 41, theliquid will flow from below to a ove the head 22 of the plunger 21 andsuch liquid will be returned through the bore 23 and port 24 when theplunger 21 returns to its imtial the shock which would otherwise be Subected to the vehicle body. Thus with In improvement it will be notedthat rebound s ocks'incident to the expension and contraction of thesprings and to the sinking of the shocks incident to the wheels of thevehicle contacting with obstructions in the road will be efl'ectlvelyabsorbed.

e last mentioned or bump shocks are ab sorbed by the upward movement ofthe plung er 21 contacting with disc head 26 of the plunger 25 causingthe piston 12 to act upon the fluid body in the inner pl er 25 in thesame manner as that previously escribed.

It is believed that the construction and advantages of my hydraulicshock absorber will understood and appreciated when the foregoingdescription has been carefully read in connection with the accompanyingdrawings and that further detailed description will not be required.

Having described the invention, I claim:

1. A hydraulic shock absorber for vehicles comprising inner and outerfluid containing cylinders, a piston fixed to the vehicle body andworking in the inner cylinder, a plunger in the outer cylinder wor ingin the outer cylinder, and the plunger and the iston having fluid ports,and fixed means or controlling the ports to permit of a small flow offluid therethrou h to direct fluid from one to the other side 0 theplunger or piston when the said plunger and piston have been movedpredetermined distances in the cylinders.

2. A hydraulic shock absorber for vehicles, comprising inner and outerfluid containing cylinders, a piston fixed to the vehicle body andworking in the inner cylinder, a plunger in the outer cylinder, guidedby and, working a in the outer cylinder, and the plun er and the pistonhaving fluid ports, and fixe means for controlling the ports to permitof a small flow of fluid therethrough to direct fluid from one to theother side of the plunger or piston when the said plunger and pistonhave been moved predetermined distances in the cylinders.

3. hydraulic shock absorber for vehicles,

the body of the vehicle, a plunger in the outer cylinders pivotedconnection with cylinder and connected with the axle of the vehicle,said plunger and piston being oppositely directed, and being frovidedwith ports, and opposite! directe fixed control members in the cy indersreceived in the piston and plun er, controlling the ports and permittingflui to slowlg flow throu h the ports to the opposite si es of the punger and piston when the said Elunger an piston have been moved by shocand jars to pre-- determined distances.

In testimon whereof I VILL aflix m signature. FRANCIS IAM BLANlJFORD.

